Year 2024, Volume 8 - Issue 1

ABSTRACT Background: Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus.Intracranial hydatid cysts are rare and account for less than 3% of all cases of hydatid disease. Typically, these cysts are found in the intracerebral spaces. However, this study presents an extremely rare intradural hydatid cyst. Case presentation: This study presents the case of an 8-year-old boy presented with a 3-month history of headache and vomiting without any neurological deficit. Full radiological investigations were performed, and only a brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a large cerebral hydatid cyst located within the dura layers between the periosteal and the endosteal layers. Surgery was performed without cyst rupture, confirming the intracerebral intradural location. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment for intracranial hydatid cysts are crucial to prevent complications such as neurological deficits, seizures, and even death. In this case, the intracerebral intradural location of the cyst is extremely rare.

Background: High tension electrical burns are rare but devastating injuries with high mortality usually from overwhelming sepsis, poor cardiovascular support and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). However, survivors of such burns have varying degrees of injuries with significant morbidity especially after radical amputation to save their lives. The objective of this case report was to present this rare scenario and highlight the importance of prompt intervention and acute surgical management that improves survival. Case report: This was a descriptive case report of a 23-year-old male, a survivor of high-tension electrical burns (11,000volts) to both upper limbs. He had immediate admission into the intensive care unit with ventilatory support and multi-disciplinary approach to care. He had some investigations which included daily full blood count, serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine, clotting studies, blood sugar, urine analysis, lactate level, iron and creatine kinase studies, chest x-rays, electrocardiogram and abdominopelvic scan. He had multiple blood products transfusion; antibiotic therapy, staged surgeries including bilateral shoulder disarticulation to control sepsis and preserve life. He was discharged home with healed disarticulated shoulders and satisfactory clinical condition after 35 days on admission. Conclusion: Early resuscitation, cardiovascular support in the intensive care unit, urgent wound debridement and amputation of devitalized limb were life-saving interventions. These prompt care improved his survival chances following high -tension electrical burns.

ABSTRACT Background: Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening condition causing abrupt reduction in blood flow in the pulmonary vasculature due to a migrating thrombus. The most cases are related to thromboembolism events originating in the lower limbs. However alternate etiologies should be suspected in certain clinical cases mainly in young patients with no risk factors. Case: We present a case of young patient with proximal pulmonary embolism caused by compression on the inferior vena cava by an abdominal benign tumour measuring 11x28cm. The patient was treated surgically and started on therapeutic dose of Anticoagulation. The etiology of pulmonary embolism in this case was attributed to large vein compression promoting blood stasis and leading to thrombus formation Conclusion: In short, acute pulmonary embolism in young female patients, is unusual and should raise the suspicion for miscellaneous causes including vascular compression by tumors.

BACKGROUND- The association between S.mutans infective endocarditis and spondylodiscitis is extremely rare (only one case reported in the literature). Invasive dental procedures are known to increase the risk of infective endocarditis. ESC 2023 guidelines recommend antibiotic prophylaxis only in high-risk patients. However, these new guidelines do not consider the number of dental procedures performed in a short period of time. CASE PRESENTATION- We report the case of a patient affected by Streptococcus (S.) mutans infective endocarditis complicated by lumbar spondylodiscitis in consequence of the performance of multiple dental procedures without antibiotic prophylaxis; this may be the first case characterized by this association and requiring cardiac surgery. CONCLUSION- These infective events occurred despite a proper interpretation of current guidelines about the antibiotic prophylaxis but we believe that a case-by-case evaluation is useful in order to reduce the incidence of these complications. Specifically, it could be that the risk of developing endocarditis depends not only on the patient's risk category but also on the number of dental procedures performed in a short period of time.

ABSTRACT Background: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by a deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins on blood cells. It is associated with hemolysis, thromboembolic events, and bone marrow failure. Management includes complement inhibitors, anticoagulation, and stem cell transplantation. Spontaneous remission of PNH is rarely reported. Case Presentation: A 28-year-old male initially diagnosed with aplastic anemia developed PVT and was subsequently diagnosed with PNH. Due to the unavailability of complement inhibitors, anticoagulation therapy and supportive care were employed. Splenectomy with splenorenal shunt was performed for chronic thrombosis and associated complications. The patient achieved spontaneous remission with normalized blood counts and diminished PNH clone. Conclusion: Managing PNH in resource-limited settings presents challenges due to the unavailability of complement inhibitors. Spontaneous remission of PNH is rarely reported and needs further research. Multidisciplinary approach, accessibility to diagnostic tests and advanced treatments will enhance PNH management in resource limited settings.