Year 2021, Volume 5 - Issue 11

Background: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is an inherited lung disease in which calcium phosphate deposits (chalcosphere) build up in the distal alveoli. There is no medical treatment for PAM, for patients with end-stage disease, lung transplantation is an option. Due to PAM is a rare condition with less than 1 per million prevalence, it becomes an exceptional case during pregnancy. We reported a pregnant PAM case and reviewed with other six cases in the literature to date. Case Presentation: A 21-year-old nulliparous pregnant woman with PAM presented in this report. The patient’s obstetric and respiratory functions follow-up were unremarkable until 35 weeks of her gestation. Because of the patient had shortness of breath at 35 weeks of gestation, she was evaluated and hospitalized. She delivered by cesarean section at 38th gestational week. Conclusion: It is still unknown that pregnancy how affect the women with PAM because the disease is rare. We reported a pregnant PAM case and reviewed with other six cases in the literature to date.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause of hospitalization in gastroenterology. Drug-induced AP is a rare event, and only a few cases of corticosteroids induced AP are described in the literature. Case Presentation: A 39-year-old woman with ankylosing spondylitis was hospitalized for an acute epigastric pain with vomiting 3 days after receiving a methylprednisolone bolus for an outbreak of her chronic disease. Her serum lipase concentration was found to be particularly elevated. She was then diagnosed of AP. An abdominal non-contrast CT demonstrated an exudative pancreatitis with a peripancreatic collection. The liver enzymes, her corrected calcium, and lipid profile were normal. An autoimmunity IgG4 screening was also found negative. The magnetic resonance imaging of the biliary tract found a normal pancreatic gland with a non-dilated common bile duct. Conclusion: Due to the events chronology, the diagnosis of a methylprednisolone induced AP was retained after the exclusion of other causes of pancreatitis. It is important to think about this etiology when the most common causes have been ruled out.

Background: High-flow priapism is extremely rare, especially in childhood and usually occurs after a penile or perineal trauma. It must be differentiated from low-flow priapism, which requires urgent treatment. Treatment options of high-flow priapism include conservative approach, embolization, and surgical ligation. Case Presentation: A 6-year-old boy presented with a semi-rigid and painless penile erection. With the diagnosis of high-flow priapism, he underwent conservative therapy. After 4 weeks of conservative treatment, priapism was no longer existed, and no recurrence occurred during the 2-year follow-up. Conclusion: Conservative approach should be applied before the invasive interventions as it is easy to apply and has no side effects.

Background: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a rare zoonosis. We present a case of E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia of unknown origin complicated by endocarditis of the aortic and mitral valves. Case Presentation: A 39-year-old man presented with fatigue, diaphoresis, fevers, and substantial weight loss. Upon physical examination, a gallop rhythm of the heart was heard. Blood cultures eventually revealed an E. rhusiopathiae infection. Vegetation on the non-coronary cusp of the aortic valve and the mitral valve were seen on echocardiography. The patient was treated with intravenous penicillin for 6 weeks. Following the treatment, the non-coronary cusp was found to be prolapsed and perforated. Aortic valve regurgitation had also led to dilatation and hypertrophy of the left ventricle. Conclusion: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. As untreated E. rhusiopathiae can cause irreversible damage to the heart valves and death, prompt consideration of this infection is warranted in any patient at an increased risk.

Background: Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare condition, especially when present inside lateral cervical lymph nodes. Only two similar cases have been reported. Case Presentation: A case of ectopic thyroid tissue in the lymph nodes of the lateral neck in a 34-year-old woman is reported, leading to a challenging differential diagnosis between micropapillary thyroid cancer with skip metastases or recurrent ectopic thyroid tissue. As a definitive diagnosis could not be made based on imaging or cytology, a diagnostic hemithyroidectomy was performed in combination with a total lateral neck dissection to avoid future ectopic thyroid tissue recurrence. Conclusion: The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue in the lateral neck is rare, especially when present within the lymph nodes themselves. Important differential diagnosis with a thyroid malignancy must be made. Benign causes, such as ectopic thyroid tissue, are diagnoses by exclusion.