Case Report
Volume: 5 | Issue: 5 | Published: May 20, 2021 | Pages: 133 - 137 | DOI: 10.24911/ejmcr/173-1588758405
Headache, confusion, and behavioral changes - a HaNDL case report
Authors: Annaliese Stolz , Rachel Efendy , Yogesh Apte
Article Info
Authors
Annaliese Stolz
Intensive Care Unit, Caboolture Hospital, McKeen St, Caboolture 4510 Australia
Rachel Efendy
Intensive Care Unit, Caboolture Hospital, McKeen St, Caboolture 4510 Australia
Yogesh Apte
Intensive Care Unit, Caboolture Hospital, McKeen St, Caboolture 4510 Australia.
Publication History
Received: May 06, 2020
Accepted: April 16, 2021
Published: May 20, 2021
Abstract
Background: The clinical syndrome of headache and neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is recognized as a self-limiting condition consisting of discrete episodes of neurological deficit associated with moderate to severe headache. The spectrum of neurological features most commonly include aphasia, sensory, and motor disturbances. However, confusion and agitation has also been described. Case Presentation: We present an unusual case of a 28-year-old male with recurrent hospital presentations for headache, confusion, and other neurological stigmata over a period of 15 days, culminating in a diagnosis of HaNDL following extensive investigations. He was treated empirically for viral encephalitis initially; however, there were no positive results on virology screening. In addition, autoimmune screens were also negative. He was then managed symptomatically and discharged from hospital with resolution of symptoms thereafter. Conclusion: The differential diagnoses for transient acute confusional disorders remain expansive, with HaNDL being one of the many rare causes. Rigorous testing is required to exclude infective, inflammatory, ischemic, structural, or iatrogenic pathology, whil HaNDL primarily remains a diagnosis of exclusion.
Keywords: HaNDL, confusion, headache, behavioral changes, CSF lymphocytosis, neurological deficits, green
Pubmed Style
Annaliese Stolz, Rachel Efendy, Yogesh Apte. Headache, confusion, and behavioral changes - a HaNDL case report. EJMCR. 2021; 20 (May 2021): 133-137. doi:10.24911/ejmcr/173-1588758405
Web Style
Annaliese Stolz, Rachel Efendy, Yogesh Apte. Headache, confusion, and behavioral changes - a HaNDL case report. https://ejmcr.com/articles/1314 [Access: November 23, 2024]. doi:10.24911/ejmcr/173-1588758405
AMA (American Medical Association) Style
Annaliese Stolz, Rachel Efendy, Yogesh Apte. Headache, confusion, and behavioral changes - a HaNDL case report. EJMCR. 2021; 20 (May 2021): 133-137. doi:10.24911/ejmcr/173-1588758405
Vancouver/ICMJE Style
Annaliese Stolz, Rachel Efendy, Yogesh Apte. Headache, confusion, and behavioral changes - a HaNDL case report. EJMCR. (2021), [cited November 23, 2024]; 20 (May 2021): 133-137. doi:10.24911/ejmcr/173-1588758405
Harvard Style
Annaliese Stolz, Rachel Efendy, Yogesh Apte (2021) Headache, confusion, and behavioral changes - a HaNDL case report. EJMCR, 20 (May 2021): 133-137. doi:10.24911/ejmcr/173-1588758405
Chicago Style
Annaliese Stolz, Rachel Efendy, Yogesh Apte. "Headache, confusion, and behavioral changes - a HaNDL case report." 20 (2021), 133-137. doi:10.24911/ejmcr/173-1588758405
MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style
Annaliese Stolz, Rachel Efendy, Yogesh Apte. "Headache, confusion, and behavioral changes - a HaNDL case report." 20.May 2021 (2021), 133-137. Print. doi:10.24911/ejmcr/173-1588758405
APA (American Psychological Association) Style
Annaliese Stolz, Rachel Efendy, Yogesh Apte (2021) Headache, confusion, and behavioral changes - a HaNDL case report. , 20 (May 2021), 133-137. doi:10.24911/ejmcr/173-1588758405