Background: Renal arteriovenous fistula is a serious complication that may occur within the first few days following percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures. It is usually an iatrogenic complication. Case Presentation: We’re presenting a case in which a patient had pseudo aneurism following percutaneous nephrolithotomy and that was treated endovascularly, followed by a sudden renal arteriovenous fistula 25 days after the pseudo aneurism treatment, which was treated once again endovascularly. Conclusion: Although renal arteriovenous fistula was not seen in early stage during the Digital subtraction angiography that was performed during the treatment of pseudo aneurism, it suddenly symptomatically appeared in late stage. We should keep hemorrhagic complications in mind during later stages.

Keywords: Pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.