Background: The main use of Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is stem cell mobilization in neutropenic patients and healthy donors as well as for engraftment. Most of their secondary effects are mild and temporary; however, there is a relation between spontaneous splenic rupture and G-CSF treatment. Case Presentation: We report a case of an 88-year old man, who presented with a spontaneous splenic rupture after use of G-CSF. Conclusion: Although it is an uncommon side effect, the mortality is very high, so clinicians should be aware of the importance about maintaining a high index of suspicion for this condition.

Keywords: Case report, spleen, hemoperitoneum, shock, neutropenia.